Table 4 RCT results summary table
 Outcome | Citation | Target problem | Intervention | Results |  | Intervention components |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Sig. | Non. Sig. | Â |
Cognitive/developmental | Barlow et al. (2007) [33] | Mental health (depression) | Health visiting intervention | Â | x | Parent-infant interaction |
Black et al. (1994) [34] | Mental health (substance use) | SPICE | Â | x | Social support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Goldfeld et al. (2019) [38] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties) | right@home | x | Â | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Goldfeld et al. (2022) [39] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties) | right@home | Â | x | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Kemp et al. (2011) [41] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties and domestic violence) | Sustained structured nurse home visiting program | Â | x | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Lowell et al. (2011) [43] | Child emotional/behavioural problems and/or parent psychosocial risk | Child FIRST | x | Â | Counselling or Psychological Support | |
Rosenblum et al. (2020) [46] | Parents with adverse childhood experiences | Michigan Model of IMH-HV | Â | x | Social support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Starn (1992) [47] | At risk women (including substance use) | Home visiting intervention | Â | x | Counselling or Psychological support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Problem solving Social supports Provision of resources | |
Child abuse potential | Barlow et al. (2007) [33] | Mental health (depression) | Health visiting intervention | Â | x | Parent-infant interaction |
Black et al. (1994) [34] | Mental health (substance use) | SPICE | Â | x | Social support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Duggan et al. (2004) [36] | Child maltreatment | Hawaii Healthy Start Program |  | x | Social supports Parenting skills | |
Fraser et al. (2000) [37] | Child maltreatment | Home visiting intervention | x | Â | Social supports Provision of resources | |
Julian et al. (2023) [40] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties) | Michigan Model of IMH-HV | x | Â | Counselling or Psychological Support (if required) Social support Parent-infant interaction Parenting skills | |
Lee et al. (2018) [42] | Child maltreatment | Healthy Families New York | x | Â | Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Social support Provision of resources | |
Lowell et al. (2011) [43] | Child emotional/behavioural problems and/or parent psychosocial risk | Child FIRST | x | Â | Counselling or Psychological Support | |
Socioemotional and/or behavioural | Butz et al. (2001) [35] | Mental health (substance use) | Home visiting intervention | x | Â | Parenting skills Child development Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources |
Goldfeld et al. (2022) [39] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties) | right@home | x | Â | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Kemp et al. (2011) [41] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties and domestic violence) | Sustained structured nurse home visiting program | Â | x | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Lowell et al. (2011) [43] | Child emotional/behavioural problems and/or parent psychosocial risk | Child FIRST | x | Â | Counselling or Psychological Support | |
Oxford et al. (2023) [44] | Mental health | Promoting First Relationships | x | Â | Parenting skills and child development Parent infant interaction | |
van Doesum et al. (2008) [48] | Mental health (depression) | Home visiting intervention | x | Â | Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Problem solving Provision of resources | |
Parent-child interaction | Kemp et al. (2011) [41] | Women experiencing adversity (including mental health difficulties and domestic violence) | Sustained structured nurse home visiting program | Â | x | Parenting skills Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources |
Ribaudo et al. (2022) [45] | At risk mothers (including mental health difficulties and early childhood adversity) | Michigan Model of IMH-HV | Â | x | Counselling or Psychological Support Social support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Provision of resources | |
Starn (1992) [47] | At risk women (including substance use) | Home visiting intervention | x | Â | Counselling or Psychological support Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Problem solving Social supports Provision of resources | |
van Doesum et al. (2008) [48] | Mental health (depression) | Home visiting intervention | x | Â | Parenting skills and child development Parent-infant interaction Problem solving Provision of resources |