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Table 1 Cohort description at 3 time points for N = 513,304 individualsa*  

From: Adverse childhood experiences screening in pediatric primary care and changes in the rate of visits to social work and behavioral health

 

2020

 

2021

 

2022

 
 

Control

Intervention

p-value

Control

Intervention

p-value

Control

Intervention

p-value

 

(N = 148234)

(N = 84343)

 

(N = 168325)

(N = 95313)

 

(N = 159928)

(N = 87555)

 

Age Category (years)

  

< 0.0001

  

0.004

  

< 0.0001

Age 11–18

62,237 (42.0)

35,078 (41.6)

 

70,248 (41.7)

39,311 (41.2)

 

67,165 (42.0)

35,010 (40.0)

 

Age 2–5

46,796 (31.6)

27,433 (32.5)

 

45,408 (27.0)

26,253 (27.5)

 

44,043 (27.5)

25,169 (28.7)

 

Age 6–10

39,201 (26.4)

21,832 (25.9)

 

52,669 (31.3)

29,749 (31.2)

 

48,720 (30.5)

27,376 (31.3)

 

Sex

  

< 0.0001

  

0.002

  

< 0.0001

Female

72,427 (48.9)

42,345 (50.2)

 

81,671 (48.5)

46,846 (49.1)

 

77,676 (48.6)

43,336 (49.5)

 

Male

75,807 (51.1)

41,998 (49.8)

 

86,654 (51.5)

48,467 (50.9)

 

82,252 (51.4)

44,219 (50.5)

 

Race/Ethnicity

  

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

Asian/Pacific Islander

19,387 (13.1)

6650 (7.9)

 

24,068 (14.3)

7769 (8.2)

 

23,148 (14.5)

7287 (8.3)

 

Black

7993 (5.4)

7876 (9.3)

 

9944 (5.9)

8826 (9.3)

 

9227 (5.8)

7813 (8.9)

 

Hispanic

71,314 (48.1)

47,817 (56.7)

 

79,248 (47.1)

54,046 (56.7)

 

74,495 (46.6)

49,666 (56.7)

 

Other

11,526 (7.8)

5498 (6.5)

 

14,264 (8.5)

6768 (7.1)

 

14,350 (9.0)

6800 (7.8)

 

White

38,014 (25.6)

16,502 (19.6)

 

40,801 (24.2)

17,904 (18.8)

 

38,708 (24.2)

15,989 (18.3)

 

MediCal

  

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

  

< 0.0001

No

115,965 (78.2)

62,095 (73.6)

 

130,653 (77.6)

69,023 (72.4)

 

123,343 (77.1)

62,741 (71.7)

 
  1. Note: aperson can be included at multiple time points and can be in intervention and control at different timepoints
  2. *Difference assessed within years using the Chi-squared test